Journal of Scientific Research in Medical and Biological Sciences

The Impact of Calpain-10 Gene Polymorphisms on Therapeutic Response to Metformin at the crossroad Type Two Diabetes Mellitus Patients

2026-02-11T13:36:21+07:00

Diabetes is a complex and multifaceted metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels resulting from either insulin resistance, insufficient insulin synthesis, or both. Metformin is often administered as one of the first oral hypoglycemic medications. The first diabetes gene to be discovered via a genome scan is the Calpain-10 (CAPN10) gene, which is linked to the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance as well as glucose metabolism and pancreatic beta-cell function. It makes the translocation of GLUT4 easier. Within the beta-cell, CAPN10 is most likely a sensor and an insulin exocytosis that acts at the plasma membrane and the mitochondria, respectively. G homozygous for the recessive model SNP-43, who had a 19% increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This prospective cohort study included one hundred patients who were recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The research was conducted in Al Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, located in Diwaniya Governorate, Iraq. The ages exhibited variation, with an average age of 55.25 and a standard deviation of 9.88. Each patient had a 12-week period between the first blood sample, which was collected at the time of diagnosis before treatment had started, and the second blood sample, which was taken 12 weeks later. Following the administration of metformin medicine, there was a significant reduction in the average BMI (p < 0.01). The fasting plasma glucose, plasma insulin, HbA1c, and insulin resistance (measured by the HOMA-IR index) showed a substantial drop (p< 0.001), whereas insulin sensitivity (measured by the QUICKI) exhibited a significant rise (p< 0.001). There was a significant reduction in the average lipid profile levels (p< 0.001), with the exception of an increase in the average HDL level. Gender disparities in glycemic control measurements suggest that males exhibit higher average values compared to women, while women demonstrate superior management of lipid profiles in comparison to men. However, it is important to note that these differences do not reach statistical significance (p<0.05). After three months of using metformin, we discovered a significant deterioration of glycemic control as measured by HbA1c (threshold of < 7%) (p = 0.01) and CAPN 10 gene SNP-43. Metformin has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing serum lipid profiles, insulin levels, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, the insulin resistant index (HOMA-IR), and the insulin sensitivity index (QUICKI) in individuals recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A significant correlation was found between the lower response to metformin treatment and the CAPN-10 gene SNP-43.

Immunological Role of Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

2026-04-30T22:45:09+07:00

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a longstanding metabolic illness that may be genetic or advanced due to lifestyle and environmental factors. It occurs when the pancreas does not produce sufficient insulin, or when the body is incapable to use the insulin it produces successfully, leading to disorders in the regulation of blood glucose. The goal of this study is to evaluate matrix metalloproteinase-13 as a probable biomarker in complications of diabetes.

Material and Methods: The current study comprised a total of 90 specimens obtained from members. The study was divided into two groups: the first consisted of 60 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, while the second comprised 30 healthy individuals serving as a control group. All members were employed from a private laboratory in Balad city, Iraq, between September 2025 and January 2026.

Results: Concerning sex distribution, males accounted for a higher proportion of the patients, accounting for 54 (60%), while female established 36(40%). Examination by age group specified that persons aged 51–60 years had the highest occurrence of diabetes. In addition, the findings exposed that the Matrix metallopeptidase-13 (MMP-13) serum level was significantly increased in T2DM patients compared to healthy control (P < 0.05).

Use of the VITEK 2 machine for identification and antifungal sensitivity test of Candida spp

2026-04-30T23:10:53+07:00

In patients with compromised immune systems, infections caused by Candida represent a significant source of illness and death; thus, timely and accurate identification is crucial for effective patient care. A Candida isolate was identified using both conventional techniques and the Vitek-2 system. Antifungal susceptibility testing (AST) was conducted with the Vitek-2 system following the guidelines set forth by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The most commonly identified species of Candida was albicans, followed by tropicalis, krusei, parapsilosis, and glabrata. The average agreement rate between the Vitek-2 system and traditional methods exceeded 94%. Most isolates demonstrated sensitivity to amphotericin B (97.67%) and fluconazole (88.95%). The AST agreement rates for fluconazole and amphotericin B were over 94% and more than 99%, respectively, with statistical significance noted (P < 0.01).

The Impact of Obesity and Gender on Physiological Response and Lipid Profile in Hypertensive Patients: A Comparative Study

2023-06-19T00:54:00+07:00

Obesity and being overweight, as defined by body mass index (BMI), lead to a cascade of harmful physiological responses in the body and a wide range of systemic diseases. This study focuses on examining the effect of obesity and gender on physiological responses and changes in blood lipids by comparing healthy individuals with a BMI of less than 25 Kg/m² and hypertensive patients with a BMI greater than 30 Kg/m². The aim is to reveal the nature of the interaction among BMI, gender, and cardiovascular health indicators. A comparative analysis was carried out in 4 separate groups (n = 6 per group), classified as follows: Healthy control groups (C1 and C2), consisting of men and women (BMI < 25 kg/m²); and hypertensive patient groups (H1 and H2), consisting of men and women (BMI > 30 kg/m²).The assessment included measurement of BMI, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic in mmHg), and a comprehensive lipid profile analysis, including Total Cholesterol, TG, HDL, LDL, and VLDL (mg/dL). Physiological Response and Body Indices; Statistical analysis revealed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in BMI and blood pressure when comparing the obese and hypertensive patient groups with the control (healthy) groups. The hypertensive men's group (H2) had the highest mean BMI (34.04 ± 1.80), while the hypertensive groups (H1 and H2) showed significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements compared to their healthy counterparts. Accompanied by significant changes in lipid levels, the results showed differences in lipid distribution between obese and hypertensive individuals compared to the control groups. A significant decrease in HDL cholesterol levels was observed in the hypertensive men's group (H2), with a mean of 29.88 ± 2.83 mg/dL. Regarding the effect of sex, when analyzing the differences between the sexes within the healthy control groups, the differences in physiological indicators and lipid levels were found to be minor and not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Although the mean blood pressure readings in the women with hypertension (H1) were slightly higher than in the men in the group (H2), this difference did not reach statistical significance, indicating a similarity in the pathological effect between the sexes in the study sample. The conclusion of the current study revealed that morbid obesity (BMI above 30 kg/m²) is the primary factor that detects the body physiology imbalance and impaired fat distribution, and then leads to hypertension directly. While the sex factor was a limited and independent physiological variable. But the overweight or high BMI related to men was associated with lipid deterioration levels, especially when HDL is lower.

The Vital Role of plants in meeting the Sustainable Development Goals: A. Comprehensive Review

2026-02-25T08:40:40+07:00

Plants are key to achieving the SDGs (sustainable development goals) of the United Nations through supporting food security, environmental quality, biodiversity conservation, and providing sustainable solutions to challenges faced by climate. Plants are not only a natural resource but also a strategic resource for constructing a more resilient and sustainable future through climate-smart practices, the conservation of ecosystems, and the development of sustainable agriculture systems. The main objective of this scientific review is to look at the connection and interaction between plant systems and the SDGs, promoted by examination of most recent regulations, policies, and scientific advancements, with it focusing on significant economic and environmental contributions from plant-based solutions for sustainable development goals.

Efficacy of Oral Isotretinoin in Steroid-Induced Rosacea: Clinical outcomes and Safety

2026-05-15T12:42:10+07:00

Steroid-induced rosacea is a common dermatological disease. Various treatment methods are used with different efficacy. To assess the effectiveness and safety of oral isoretinion in treatment of steroid-induced rosacea. An interventional prospective project implemented in Dermatology outpatients' clinic in Tikrit Teaching hospital and private Dermatology clinic in Tikrit city-Iraq within period of ten months from 1^st of February to 30^th of November, 2025 on convenient sample of sixty patients with steroid-induced rosacea. Assessment was done by use of clinical scoring system investigator global assessment erythema score before and after treatment. The mean score of erythema before treatment was (3.4) which was significantly declined to (1.4) after oral isoretinoin therapy (p<0.001). The side effects were mild cheilitis and dryness that shown by most of the patients after treatment and mild relapses were shown only by 13.3% of patients. Low dose oral isoretinoin is effective and safe agent in treatment of steroids-induced rosacea.